STUDI LITERATUR METODE PENGUJIAN DAN JENIS KERUSAKAN PADA BALOK BAMBU UTUH
G. M. M. Syahtama, I.S. Irawati*, A.F. Setiawan
1Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: inggar_septhia@ugm.ac.id
INTISARI
Bambu merupakan material alami yang melimpah di Indonesia, memiliki kekuatan tinggi, ringan, dapat diperbarui, serta berpotensi besar sebagai material konstruksi berkelanjutan. Namun, sifat ortotropik bambu membuat perilaku mekanisnya berbeda dengan kayu, sehingga standar pengujian kayu tidak dapat dijadikan acuan langsung untuk bambu. ISO 22157:2019 telah menetapkan metode pengujian lentur bambu, tetapi belum memberikan deskripsi detail mengenai bentuk kegagalan. Oleh karena itu, studi literatur ini dilakukan untuk meninjau secara sistematis metode pengujian dan jenis-jenis kegagalan lentur pada bambu utuh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penelitian menggunakan ketentuan ISO 22157, khususnya panjang bentang minimal 30D untuk memastikan kegagalan lentur murni. Apabila bentang lebih pendek dari critical length, kegagalan geser lebih dominan terjadi. Variasi konfigurasi saddle, panjang bentang, dan kecepatan pembebanan juga memengaruhi pola kegagalan. Secara umum, tipe kegagalan lentur bambu dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan panjang bentang dan jenis beban, yaitu momen dan geser. Beberapa peneliti bahkan mengidentifikasi mode geser tambahan, yaitu splitting failure (mode I), in-plane shear (mode II), dan kombinasi keduanya. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya pengembangan standar pengujian yang lebih komprehensif dengan deskripsi eksplisit tipe kegagalan lentur bambu. Hal tersebut akan mendukung penerapan bambu sebagai material struktur yang andal dan berkelanjutan.
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