D. C. Putri1*, D. Parikesit1, M. R. F. Amrozi1
1Master Programme in Transportation Systems and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: diacahayaputri@mail.ugm.ac.id
Accident Characteristics and Conceptual Design of Hybrid Rising-Barrier System at Railway Level Crossings in Indonesia
D. C. Putri(1)*, D. Parikesit1, M. R. F. Amrozi1
1Master Programme in Transportation Systems and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: diacahayaputri@mail.ugm.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Level crossing safety remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia, particularly at unguarded crossings and locations protected only by Early Warning Systems (EWS). High accident rates at these crossings indicate the limitations of warning-based systems in controlling risky road-user behaviour, especially in spatially constrained environments with mixed traffic conditions. This study aims to analyse level crossing accident patterns and to evaluate the safety performance of a hybrid protection system integrating semi-automatic rising-barriers with EWS. A case study was conducted in West Sumatra Province using level crossing accident data from 2017 to 2024. The analysis focuses on accident variations by crossing type, road-user characteristics, and the presence of physical safety controls. The results indicate that crossings without physical barriers experience significantly higher accident frequencies, predominantly due to road-user violations. Compared with conventional barrier-gates and EWS-only systems, the hybrid rising-barrier system demonstrates superior potential safety performance by providing direct physical enforcement while remaining suitable for locations with limited road width. The integration of rising-barriers with EWS reduces reliance on user compliance and enhances overall control effectiveness. This study concludes that the hybrid rising-barrier system represents a technically viable alternative for improving level crossing safety in high-risk and space-constrained conditions in Indonesia.
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