M.W. Buwana(1)*, S.H.T. Utomo(2), L.B. Suparma(3)
1Master Programme in Transport System and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: mahendrawishnubuwana@mail.ugm.ac.id
Comparative Analysis of Railway Rolling Stock Maintenance Standards Between United Kingdom and Indonesia
M.W. Buwana(1)*, S.H.T. Utomo(2), L.B. Suparma(3)
(1)Master Programme in Transport System and Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: mahendrawishnubuwana@mail.ugm.ac.id
ABSTRACT
This study presents a comparative analysis of railway rolling stock maintenance standards between United Kingdom and Indonesia, addressing Indonesia’s critical lack of specific legislation governing rolling stock maintenance systems and procedures. Employing systematic literature review, thematic analysis, and gap analysis methodologies, the research examines UK regulations (ROGS 2006, Railway Industry Guidance and Standards) and European standards (BS EN 17000-series) alongside Indonesian frameworks (UU 23/2007, PP 56/2009, ministerial regulations). Thematic analysis identified six key aspects of UK maintenance practice: Maintenance Organisational Structure, Maintenance Planning, Procedures and Standards, Documentation and Record-Keeping, Certification and Competency, and Safety and Quality Assurance. Comparative analysis reveals substantial gaps across four dimensions: technical gaps (limited SMS integration, rigid interval-based maintenance, no cross-border compatibility), regulatory gaps (absence of Entity in Charge of Maintenance mandate, insufficient maintenance plan specificity), institutional gaps (lack of systematic organisational certification and independent auditing), and documentation gaps (manual record-keeping, limited digital traceability). These findings demonstrate that while Indonesia ensures basic compliance, its maintenance framework lacks the performance-based, risk-driven structure characteristic of UK systems, highlighting the need for regulatory modernisation aligned with international best practices.
REFERENCES
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). “Using thematic analysis in psychology”. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), pp.77-101. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
British Standards Institution (2011). BS EN 50128 Railway applications – Communication, signalling and processing systems – Software for railway control and protection systems. Place of publication: BSI Standards Limited.
British Standards Institution (2017). BS EN 50126:2017: Railway applications – The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS). Place of publication: BSI Standards Limited.
British Standards Institution (2018). BS EN 17023:2018: Railway applications – Rolling stock maintenance – Creation and modification of maintenance plan. Place of publication: BSI Standards Limited.
British Standards Institution (2019). BS EN 17018:2019: Railway applications – Rolling stock maintenance – Terms
and definitions. Place of publication: BSI Standards Limited.
British Standards Institution (2019). BS EN 17095:2019: Railway applications – Rolling stock maintenance –
Maintenance records. Place of publication: BSI Standards Limited.
Kim, S. and Ji, Y. (2018). “Gap Analysis”. The international encyclopedia of strategic communication, 8, pp.1-6.
Available at: 10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0079
Kumari, J., Karim, R. and Khanna, P. (2025). “Dynamic maintenance policy development for railway rolling
stock”. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 31(5), pp.23-42. Available at: 10.1108/JQME-01-20240005
Office of Rail and Road (2022). A Guide to ROG – The Railways and Other Guided Transport Systems (Safety) Regulations 2006 (as amended) (ROGS). Available at: https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/laws/rogs (Accessed: 11 July 2025).
Rail Safety and Standards Board (2012) Railway Group Standard GM/RT2004: Rail Vehicle Maintenance. Available at: https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/GMRT2004-Iss-5 (Accessed: 13 July 2025).
Rail Safety and Standards Board (2016) RIS-2004-RST: Rail Vehicle Maintenance. Available at: https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/RIS-2004-RST-Iss-1 (Accessed: 13 July 2025).
Rail Safety and Standards Board (2021) RIS-2706-RST Iss 2.1: Recording of Rolling Stock Data. Available at: https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/RIS-2706-RST-Iss-2-1 (Accessed: 13 July 2025).
Rail Safety and Standards Board (2025) GMGN2697 Iss 1: Application of the Entity in Charge Maintenance Regulations. Available at: https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/gmgn2697-iss1 (Accessed: 13 July 2025).
Railways and Other Guided Transport Systems (Safety) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/599). Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/599/contents/made (Accessed: 7 July 2025).
Republik Indonesia (2009). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2009 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perkeretaapian. Available at: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/4982/pp-no-56-tahun-2009 (Accessed: 7 July 2025).